Toward Probabilistic Prediction of Flash Flood Human Impacts

This article focuses on conceptual and methodological developments allowing the integration of physical and social dynamics leading to model forecasts of circumstance‐specific human losses during a flash flood. To reach this objective, a random forest classifier is applied to assess the likelihood of fatality occurrence for a given circumstance as a function of representative indicators. Here, vehicle‐related circumstance is chosen as the literature indicates that most fatalities from flash flooding fall in this category. A database of flash flood events, with and without human losses from 2001 to 2011 in the United States, is supplemented with other variables describing the storm event, the spatial distribution of the sensitive characteristics of the exposed population, and built environment at the county level. The catastrophic flash floods of May 2015 in the states of Texas and Oklahoma are used as a case study to map the dynamics of the estimated probabilistic human risk on a daily scale. The results indicate the importance of time‐ and space‐dependent human vulnerability and risk assessment for short‐fuse flood events. The need for more systematic human impact data collection is also highlighted to advance impact‐based predictive models for flash flood casualties using machine‐learning approaches in the future.     

Examples of practice: an intercultural approach to translate Romanian children’s folklore into Spanish

Due to the great number of Romanian pupils in Spanish public school, the local administration organises extra-curricular Romanian courses in order to preserve the Romanian language and culture. This is a way to contribute to build and consolidate a bicultural and bilingual profile of the young people. Besides, it is also an opportunity to align with plurilingual and pluricultural competence established by The Common European Framework of References for Languages (2002). Based on the premise that “children's literature is an intercultural instrument”, I choose as corpus the Romanian children's folklore represented by games, formula-songs, recital-stories, household words, incantations, riddles and lullabies to translate into Spanish. After the translations, Romanian children had to find similarities and differences between the Romanian and Spanish children's songs, in order to augment the knowledge about both cultures.     

意识形态对中国早期儿童文学翻译的影响

文化翻译学者们认为,翻译作为最明显的改写形式,会受到意识形态的影响。正是在意识形态的影响下,从19世纪中叶到"五四"之后一段时间,中国出现了三次儿童文学翻译浪潮。在这股浪潮的直接影响下,诞生了现代意义上的中国童话。     

翻译专业建设的几点思考

经过近年来的发展建设,我国翻译专业人才培养已经形成了包括本科、硕士、博士在内的完整的教学体系,特别是MTI的设立形成了翻译专业建设和研究的新热潮,取得的成绩喜人,同时暴露出来的问题也不容忽视,专业建设中的重要问题需要我们不断深入思考探讨摸索,使翻译专业建设健康发展。     

从中国英语音译词论汉语文化负载词的英译策略

要把中国文化特有事物翻译成英语,必然会出现很多标准英语中没有的词汇与表达,而对汉语文化负载词的翻译又直接关系到跨文化交际与民族文化传播能否顺利进行,所以探求文化负载词的汉译英策略具有深远的意义。英语与中国文化结合的产物———中国英语,已被广大学者认可为中国文化的载体,推广中国英语中的汉语拼音音译词,既可以宣传汉语,增强汉语在世界范围的影响力,又有利于中国文化的输出,还能增添新的英语词汇,丰富扩大英语的表意功能。因此,翻译负载汉语文化的部分词汇表达直接采用相应的中国英语的音译词是一种有效的翻译策略。     

汉语古诗词中缺省现象的认知解读和翻译策略

汉语古诗词往往通过设置空白激发丰富的言外之意。从认知的角度看,这些空白是诗人考虑到与读者共享一些知识而留在文中的缺省信息,也是读者在阅读过程中所激活的认知结构的空位,他们必须调用认知结构的默认信息(包括框架的默认值、脚本的隐含序列、隐含的隐喻源域或目标域、隐含的转喻次域或主域)填补空白才能获取其中的言外之意。在翻译过程中,译者须考虑到译入语读者的认知知识和文化传播的目的,采取明示或保留缺省信息的翻译方法,也就是认知默认值的显译或隐译策略。     

基于支持向量机的管理信息系统故障识别模型研究

管理信息系统故障影响着企业信息工程的开展。及时识别故障,能够为企业争取更多时间处理故障。因此,管理信息系统故障识别有着重要的研究意义和实践意义。基于支持向量机,构建管理信息系统故障识别模型,通过把样本应用于该模型,结果表明该模型具有较好的准确性,能有效识别管理信息系统故障。     

以《狼图腾》的英译为例谈译文表达的识解操作

基于认知语言学框架下意义观与翻译观以及认知语言学中的识解理论的四个维度,在译文表达时的识解操作应该在考虑目的语读者辖域背景的基础上,保持或调整原文表征的详略度、突显和扫描方式等识解维度,使译文流畅,符合目的语读者的表达习惯,最终实现成功的交际。     

纽马克理论指导下的商务文本翻译

在商务领域中，商务文本犹如架起建立国内乃至国际间各商家的桥梁，所以商务文本的翻译有着十分重要的研究价值。将以纽马克翻译理论为指导，对商务文本中商务函电、商务广告以及商务函电这三方面的翻译策略进行了探讨。